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Favipiravir is a potential repurpose moiety to treat COVID-19 by depletion of virus load in infectious patients. To analyze and separate Favipiravir with remarkable efficiency, X-Bridge C8 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ) and a solvent phase of 0.1% TEA and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) with 1-mL/min flow rate were used. The eluted favipiravir and possible degradants were detected at 225 nm. Further, the process was validated by using ICH (Q2R1) guidelines to ensure the method's suitability in the pharmaceutical sector. The RT of Favipiravir was observed at 3.7 min with good linearity of 2 to 30 µg/mL. %RSD of both system and method precision was assessed in the series of 0.32 to 0.98. The mean percentage recovery of Favipiravir was in the range of 99.0–100.4%. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) were assessed to be 0.024 and 0.084 μg/mL for favipiravir. The outcomes confirmed that the projected approach was economical, insightful, simple and precise with better sensitivity. Investigation of Favipiravir in the incidence of a variety of stressed or forced degradation environments ensures stability indicating quality of the developed approach. © 2023, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Many different types of PCB defects can occur throughout the printed circuit board assembly process. The procedure of quality control is essential. A human inspection is important to ensure that the PCBA is delivered in excellent condition. It is critical to train QC employees to understand PCBA inspection standards to determine which PCBAs are acceptable. High rates of PCBA reject, even though the defects are acceptable to the customer, will have an impact on production costs. To improve Quality control performance, the development of decision-making skills of PCBA visual inspection employees was researched. Because to the COVID19 situation, case-based training was provided via online tools. However, in order to clear up any misunderstandings and conduct PCBA inspection tests, face-to-face discussion was still needed. In addition, the trained QC employee's performance was measured using attribute gauge repeatability and reproducibility, which indicated that the QC employee's decision-making capability had increased. When compared to appraisers before training and standard respectively, employee inspection performance was 11.94 % and 5.69 % better. © 2022 IEEE.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious threat to human life and health. To establish a method for quantitative detection of detection of the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus'Z (SARS-CoV-Z) in vaccines. Goat anti-SARS-CoV-Z polyclonal antibody and mouse anti -SARS -CoV-Z spike glycoprotein monoclonal antibody were prepared to establish a double antibody sandwich enzymerlinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of the spike glycoprotein. The ELISA system was optimized and the linear range, sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and coincidence rate were tested. The linear range was 1-64 U and correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.99. There was no reaction with the nucleocapsid protein, Vero-cell debris or influenza Viruses, etc, indicating the high specificity of our method. The sensitivity was 92.1% and the variations in intra- and inter' assay repeatability were 2.5%-11.7% and 1.3% -14.8%, respectively. The samples showed a coincidence rate Of 96.7% with known background. Our method had high specificity, sensitivity, stability and accuracy, and could be used for determination of spike - glycoprotein antigen content in vaccine.
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BACKGROUND: Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causes acute vomiting and diarrhea in piglets, leading to significant financial losses for the pig industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a rapid nucleic acid amplification technology used under constant temperature conditions. The study established a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-RPA assay for early diagnosis of SADS-CoV. RESULTS: The detection limit of the real-time RT-RPA was 74 copies/µL of SADS-CoV genomic standard recombinant plasmid in 95% of cases. The assay was performed in less than 30 min and no cross-reactions were observed with eight other common viruses that affect swine, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), pseudo rabies virus (PRV), swine influenza virus (SIV), seneca valley virus (SVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). The coefficient of variation (C.V.) values of the two standards dilutions and three positive clinical sample ranged from 2.95% to 4.71%. A total of 72 clinical fecal samples from swine with diarrheal symptoms were analyzed with the developed RT-RPA and quantitative RT-PCR. There was 98.61% agreement between the RT-RPA and the quantitative real-time PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the developed RT-RPA assay had good specificity, sensitivity, stability and repeatability. The study successfully established a broadly reactive RT-RPA assay for SADS-CoV detection.
Subject(s)
Alphacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Nucleic Acids , Swine Diseases , Alphacoronavirus/genetics , Animals , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/veterinary , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Recombinases , Sensitivity and Specificity , Swine , Swine Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
In order to establish a method for rapid differential identification of Senecavirus A (SVA) and en-cephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), two pairs of corresponding specific primers were designed based on the highly conserved 3D genes of SVA and EMCV. And two different fluorescent labeled TaqMan probes were used to establish a dual TaqMan real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection of these two viruses, and we also optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that the minimum detection of the method was 760 copies/ micro L and 98 copies/ micro L for SVA and EMCV. respectively, and it can specifically detect SVA and EMCV, and there was no cross reaction with CSFV, PRRSV and PEDV. The established standard curves showed good linear relationship. Repeated experimental group and inter-group coefficient of variation were less than 5%. The results indicated that the dual-quantitative PCR established in this study has the advantages of convenience, rapidity, good specificity. high sensitivity and good repeatability .and can be used for simultaneous detection of SVA and EMCV.
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As of 14 December 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused nearly 269 million confirmed cases and almost 5.3 million deaths worldwide. Chest computed tomography (CT) has high diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of pulmonary disease in COVID-19 patients. Toward timely and accurate clinical evaluation and prognostication, radiomic analyses of CT images have been explored to investigate the correlation of imaging and non-imaging clinical manifestations and outcomes. Delta (∆) radiomics optimally performed from pre-infection to the post-critical phase, requires baseline data typically not obtained in clinical settings;additionally, their robustness is affected by differences in acquisition protocols. In this work, we investigated the reliability, sensitivity, and stability of whole-lung radiomic features of CT images of nonhuman primates either mock-exposed or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 to study imaging biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Images were acquired at a pre-exposure baseline and post-exposure days, and lung fields were segmented. The reliability of radiomic features was assessed, and the dynamic range of each feature was compared to the maximum normal intra-subject variation and ranked. © 2022 SPIE
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OBJECTIVE: Standardised quantitative analysis of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens may be useful for estimating the extent and duration of immunity. The aim was to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the quantification of human IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed based on monoclonal antibodies against human IgG and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Spike-S1 and Nucleocapsid). The WHO 67/086 immunoglobulin and WHO 20/136 SARS-CoV-2 references were used for standardisation. Sera of a study group of COVID-19-positive subjects (n = 144), pre-pandemic controls (n = 135) and individuals vaccinated with BioNTech-Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 48) were analysed. The study group sera were also tested using EuroImmun SARS-CoV-2-ELISAs and a quantitative S1-specific fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) from Thermo Fisher. RESULTS: The ELISA results were repeatable and traceable to international units because of their parallelism to both WHO references. In the study group, median anti-S1-IgG concentrations were 102 BAU mL-1, compared to 100 and 1457 BAU mL-1 in the vaccination group after first and second vaccination, respectively. The ELISAs achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.965 (S1) and 0.955 (Nucleocapsid) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and a specificity of 1 (S1) and 0.963 (Nucleocapsid) and sensitivity of 0.903 (S1) and 0.833 (Nucleocapsid) at the maximum Youden index. In comparison, the commercial assays (S1-FEIA, S1 and Nucleocapsid ELISA EuroImmun) achieved sensitivities of 0.764, 0.875 and 0.882 in the study group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative ELISAs to measure IgG binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens have good analytical and clinical performance characteristics and units traceable to international standards.
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Featured ApplicationAuthors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory.Sensory assessors determine the result of sensory analysis;therefore, investigation of panel performance is inevitable to obtain well-established results. In the last few decades, numerous publications examine the performance of both panelists and panels. The initial point of any panelist measures are the applied selection methods, which are chosen according to the purpose (general suitability or product-specific skills). A practical overview is given on the available solutions, methods, protocols and software relating to all major panelist and panel measure indices (agreement, discrimination, repeatability, reproducibility and scale usage), with special focus on the utilized statistical methods. The novel approach of the presented methods is multi-faceted, concerning time factor (measuring performance at a given moment or over a period), the level of integration in the sensory testing procedure and the target of the measurements (panelist versus panel). The present paper supports the choice of the performance parameter and its related statistical procedure. Available software platforms, their accessibility (open-source status) and their functions are thoroughly analyzed concerning panelist or whole panel evaluation. The applied sensory test method strongly defines the applicable performance evaluation tools;therefore, these aspects are also discussed. A special field is related to proficiency testing. With the focus on special activities (product competitions, expert panels, food and horticultural goods), practical examples are given. In our research, special attention was given to sensory activity in companies and product experts or product-specific panels. Emerging future trends in this field will involve meta-analyses, application of AI and integration of psychophysics.
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Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in the usage of ballistocardiography (BCG) and seismocardiography (SCG) to record myocardial function both in normal and pathological populations. Kinocardiography (KCG) combines these techniques by measuring 12 degrees-of-freedom of body motion produced by myocardial contraction and blood flow through the cardiac chambers and major vessels. The integral of kinetic energy (iK) obtained from the linear and rotational SCG/BCG signals, and automatically computed over the cardiac cycle, is used as a marker of cardiac mechanical function. The present work systematically evaluated the test-retest (TRT) reliability of KCG iK derived from BCG/SCG signals in the short term (<15 min) and long term (3-6 h) on 60 healthy volunteers. Additionally, we investigated the difference of repeatability with different body positions. First, we found high short-term TRT reliability for KCG metrics derived from SCG and BCG recordings. Exceptions to this finding were limited to metrics computed in left lateral decubitus position where the TRT reliability was moderate-to-high. Second, we found low-to-moderate long-term TRT reliability for KCG metrics as expected and confirmed by blood pressure measurements. In summary, KCG parameters derived from BCG/SCG signals show high repeatability and should be further investigated to confirm their use for cardiac condition longitudinal monitoring.
Subject(s)
Ballistocardiography , Electrocardiography , Healthy Volunteers , Heart , Humans , Myocardial Contraction , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of five commercial RT-PCR kits (Genekey, Daan, BioGerm, Liferiver, and Yaneng) commonly used in China, since such comparison data are lacking. METHODS: A total of 20 COVID-19 confirmed patients and 30 negative nasopharyngeal swab specimens were analyzed by five kits. The detection ability of five RT-PCR kits was evaluated with 5 concentration gradients diluted by a single positive sample. The limit of detection was evaluated by N gene fragment solid standard. Two positive clinical specimens were used to evaluate the repeatability and imprecision. Finally, we used six human coronaviruses plasmid and four respiratory pathogens plasmid to check for cross-reactivity. RESULTS: The positive detection rate was 100% for Genekey, Daan, and BioGerm,and 90% for Liferiver and Yaneng in 20 clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection. The coincidence rate of five kits in 10 negative samples was 100%. The detection rate of target genes for Daan, BioGerm, Liferiver, and Yaneng was 100% from Level 1 to Level 3. In Level 4, only Daan detection rate was 100%. In Level 5, five kits presented poor positive rate. The limit of detection declared by each manufacturer was verified. The repeatability for target genes was less than 5% and so did the total imprecision. There is no cross-reactivity of five kits with six human coronaviruses and four respiratory pathogens for ORF1ab and N gene. CONCLUSIONS: Five RT-PCR kits assessed in this study showed acceptable analytical performance characteristics and are useful tools for the routine diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.